Aop和MockMvc学习
Java中的四个元注解
@Document
@Documented注解标记的元素,Javadoc工具会将此注解标记元素的注解信息包含在javadoc中.默认,注解信息不会包含在Javadoc中
@Inherited
说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解、
示例
package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface Book {
String name();
String publishedDate();
String author();
}
package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;
@Book(
name = "Spring in Action",
author = "Johnny",
publishedDate = "2020-10-1"
)
public class DocumentAnnotation {}
@Retention
注解的保留位置
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) // 默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到
@Target
注解的作用目标
- @Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举、注解
- @Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
- @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
- @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
- @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
- @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解
- @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包
mock
示例
controller层接口示例
@RequestMapping(value = "home")
public String home(){
RequestAttributes at = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes sra = (ServletRequestAttributes) at;
HttpServletRequest request = sra.getRequest();
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String name = "";
String device = request.getHeader("platform");
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
name = cookie.getValue();
}
if(name==null || device==null){
return "I don't know who you are";
}
return "Welcome to "+name+" from "+device;
}
测试方法
package com.soft1851.boot.aop.controller;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
@SpringBootTest
@WebAppConfiguration
class HelloControllerTest {
//用于模拟嗲用Controller的接口发送请求
private MockMvc mockMvc;
//预加载内容,用来初始化对HelloController的模拟
@BeforeEach
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build();
}
@Test
public void hello() throws Exception{
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","tom");
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/home")
.header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Mobile Safari/537.36")
.header("platform","DesktopWeb")
.contentType("application/x-protobuf")
.accept("*/*")
.cookie(cookie))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("Welcome to tom from DesktopWeb"))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
}
}
测试流程
- 准备测试环境
- 通过MockMvc执行请求
- 添加验证断言
- 添加结果处理器
- 得到MvcResult进行自定义断言/进行下一步的异步请求
- 卸载测试环境
MockMvcRequestBuilders常用api
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):根据uri模板和uri变量值得到一个GET请求方式的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;如get(/user/{id}, 1L);
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是POST方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是PUT方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) :同get类似,但是是DELETE方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是OPTIONS方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod httpMethod, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables): 提供自己的Http请求方法及uri模板和uri变量,如上API都是委托给这个API;
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):提供文件上传方式的请求,得到MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder;
RequestBuilder asyncDispatch(final MvcResult mvcResult):创建一个从启动异步处理的请求的MvcResult进行异步分派的RequestBuilder;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder常用api
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder header(String name, Object... values)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder headers(HttpHeaders httpHeaders):添加头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contentType(MediaType mediaType):指定请求的contentType头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(MediaType... mediaTypes)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(String... mediaTypes):指定请求的Accept头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(byte[] content)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(String content):指定请求Body体内容;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder param(String name,String... values):请求传入参数
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder cookie(Cookie... cookies):指定请求的Cookie;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder locale(Locale locale):指定请求的Locale;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder characterEncoding(String encoding):指定请求字符编码;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestAttr(String name, Object value) :设置请求属性数据;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttrs(Map<string, object=""> sessionAttributes):设置请求session属性数据;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttrs(Map<string, object=""> flashAttributes):指定请求的flash信息,比如重定向后的属性信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder session(MockHttpSession session) :指定请求的Session;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder principal(Principal principal) :指定请求的Principal;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contextPath(String contextPath) :指定请求的上下文路径,必须以“/”开头,且不能以“/”结尾;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder pathInfo(String pathInfo) :请求的路径信息,必须以“/”开头;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder secure(boolean secure):请求是否使用安全通道;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder with(RequestPostProcessor postProcessor):请求的后处理器,用于自定义一些请求处理的扩展点;
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder常用api
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder继承自MockHttpServletRequestBuilder
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(String name, byte[] content)/MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(MockMultipartFile file):指定要上传的文件;
ResultActions常用api
调用MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)后将得到ResultActions,通过ResultActions完成如下三件事
ResultActions andExpect(ResultMatcher matcher) :添加验证断言来判断执行请求后的结果是否是预期的;
ResultActions andDo(ResultHandler handler) :添加结果处理器,用于对验证成功后执行的动作,如输出下请求/结果信息用于调试;
MvcResult andReturn() :返回验证成功后的MvcResult;用于自定义验证/下一步的异步处理;
ResultMatcher/MockMvcResultMatchers常用api
ResultMatcher用来匹配执行完请求后的结果验证,其就一个match(MvcResult result)断言方法,如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常
HandlerResultMatchers handler():请求的Handler验证器,比如验证处理器类型/方法名;此处的Handler其实就是处理请求的控制器;
RequestResultMatchers request():得到RequestResultMatchers验证器;
ModelResultMatchers model():得到模型验证器;
ViewResultMatchers view():得到视图验证器;
FlashAttributeResultMatchers flash():得到Flash属性验证;
StatusResultMatchers status():得到响应状态验证器;
HeaderResultMatchers header():得到响应Header验证器;
CookieResultMatchers cookie():得到响应Cookie验证器;
ContentResultMatchers content():得到响应内容验证器;
JsonPathResultMatchers jsonPath(String expression, Object ... args)/ResultMatcher jsonPath(String expression, Matcher matcher):得到Json表达式验证器;
XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Object... args)/XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Map<string, string=""> namespaces, Object... args):得到Xpath表达式验证器;
ResultMatcher forwardedUrl(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后转发的url(绝对匹配);
ResultMatcher forwardedUrlPattern(final String urlPattern):验证处理完请求后转发的url(Ant风格模式匹配,@since spring4);
ResultMatcher redirectedUrl(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后重定向的url(绝对匹配);
ResultMatcher redirectedUrlPattern(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后重定向的url(Ant风格模式匹配,@since spring4)